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More information »The preterite perfect subjunctive is a verb tense used to express actions or situations that occurred in the past, but have relevance in the present. This verb tense combines the subjunctive, which indicates subjectivity, possibility or doubt, with the notion that the past action or situation still has some kind of connection to the present moment.
The preterite perfect subjunctive is a verb tense used to express actions or situations that occurred in the past, but that have relevance or implications in the present or at a time subsequent to the event in question. This verb tense is a combination of two elements: the subjunctive, which indicates uncertainty, desire, possibility or opinion as opposed to the indicative which is used to express concrete and objective facts, and the preterite perfect which refers to a past action that has a direct impact on the present.
The conjugation of the past perfect subjunctive is formed from the third person plural of the past perfect indicative (haber + past participle) and adding the specific endings of the subjunctive.
The past participle is obtained in different ways depending on the verb ending:
Personal pronoun | Verb "haber" | Verbs ending in -ar such as hablar | Verbs ending in -er such as comer | Verbs ending in -ir such as vivir |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yo | haya | hablado | comido | vivido |
Tú | hayas | hablado | comido | vivido |
Él / Ella / Usted | haya | hablado | comido | vivido |
Nosotros / Nosotras | hayamos | hablado | comido | vivido |
Vosotros / Vosotras | hayáis | hablado | comido | vivido |
Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan | hablado | comido | vivido |
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The past perfect subjunctive is used to express actions or situations that took place in the past, but that maintain some connection or relevance in the present. Some of its most common uses are:
Past actions in relation to the present: | Temporal or conditional adverbial clauses: | Wishes or requests: |
---|---|---|
Espero que hayas comprendido la lección. | Cuando hayas terminado tus tareas, podrás salir a jugar. | Ojalá que hayas tenido un excelente cumpleaños. |
Me alegra que hayas llegado a tiempo para la fiesta. | Si ella hubiera llamado, yo habría ido al cine. | Quisiera que hayas encontrado lo que estabas buscando. |
No creo que hayan terminado todavía. | Después de que hayamos comido, podremos salir a caminar. | Espero que hayas tenido un buen descanso. |
Expressions of possibility or probability: | Recommendations or advice: | Expressions of surprise or disbelief: |
---|---|---|
Puede ser que ellos ya hayan llegado a la reunión. | Te sugiero que hayas revisado tu trabajo antes de entregarlo. | No puedo creer que hayas ganado el premio. |
Es posible que hayas olvidado recoger tus llaves. | Es mejor que hayas hablado con ellos sobre el problema. | Es increíble que hayas terminado tan rápido. |
Quizás hayas visto esa película antes. | Sería conveniente que hayas reservado tus boletos con anticipación. | ¿En serio crees que hayan vendido todas las entradas? |
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